{"id":4231,"date":"2017-08-29T16:16:07","date_gmt":"2017-08-29T13:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ekizfidancilik.com\/tr\/?p=4231"},"modified":"2017-08-30T12:49:07","modified_gmt":"2017-08-30T09:49:07","slug":"nar-yetistiriciligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekizfidancilik.com\/tr\/nar-yetistiriciligi","title":{"rendered":"Nar Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130KL\u0130M VE TOPRAK \u0130STEKLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130klim \u0130ste\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nar y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 500 mm lik ya\u011f\u0131\u015f istemekle birlikte bu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funa ilkbaharda ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Yaz\u0131n ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlar meyve kalitesini bozmakta, olgunlu\u011fa yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlar meyve kabu\u011funu \u00e7atlatmakta olup, bu zamanda iyi sonu\u00e7 vermemektedir. Meyve olu\u015fumu d\u00f6neminde kuru hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 en kaliteli mey venin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak pazar de\u011ferini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Nar bir g\u00fcne\u015f bitkisidir, bah\u00e7e tesisinde ve yeterli \u0131\u015f\u0131klanma ko\u015fullar\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Toprak \u0130ste\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nar toprak iste\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fazla se\u00e7ici de\u011fildir. Silisli \u00e7ak\u0131ll\u0131, kumlu, kire\u00e7li, killi ve a\u011f\u0131r killi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli toprak tiplerinde nar yeti\u015ftiricili yap\u0131labilmektedir. Tuzlulu\u011fa orta derecede dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.Toprak alkali veya asit olabilir. Baz\u0131 meyvelerin aksine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 toprak nemine dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Narda optimal geli\u015fme kuru ve s\u0131cak hava ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k derin ge\u00e7irgen nemli ve serin topraklarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nYET\u0130\u015eT\u0130RME TEKN\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fit se\u00e7imi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nar yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde, \u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7imi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7e\u015fit se\u00e7iminde dikkat edilen konular: b\u00f6lgeye adapte olmu\u015f o y\u00f6renin iklimine, hastal\u0131klara dayan\u0131kl\u0131, verimi iyi, meyveleri insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6z zevkine ve damak tad\u0131na uygun ve ta\u015f\u0131maya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6zelliklere g\u00f6re se\u00e7im yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fit se\u00e7iminde ticari amac\u0131na g\u00f6re sofral\u0131k yada end\u00fcstri \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin yeti\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmelidir.
\nBah\u00e7e Tesisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kapama nar bah\u00e7elerinde en yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan dikim aral\u0131klar\u0131 2.5 x 4 veya 3 x 4 m dir. S\u0131ralar kuzey -g\u00fcney do\u011frultusunda olursa g\u00fcne\u015f ve havalanma daha iyi olacakt\u0131r. Nar bah\u00e7esi, do\u011frudan \u00e7elikle yada k\u00f6kl\u00fc fidanlarla kurulabilir. Ancak, \u00e7eliklerin do\u011frudan bah\u00e7eye dikilmesi \u00e7e\u015fitli bak\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri ve verim kay\u0131plar\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131ndan nar \u00e7eliklerinin bir fidanl\u0131k parselinde k\u00f6klendirilip bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle burada bak\u0131mlar\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra boylama yap\u0131larak bah\u00e7eye dikilmeleri daha iyi sonu\u00e7 verecektir.
\nDikim yap\u0131l\u0131rken fidan\u0131n \u00e7elik k\u0131sm\u0131nda t\u0131rnak kalm\u0131\u015fsa kesilir. Zay\u0131f s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler al\u0131n\u0131r, fazla uzun k\u00f6kler k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn 50-60 cm den tepesi al\u0131n\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeterince boylanmam\u0131\u015f, zay\u0131f geli\u015fmi\u015fse dikimden hemen sonra 2-3 g\u00f6z \u00fczerinden kesilerek gelecek y\u0131l i\u00e7in kuvvetli s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olu\u015fumu sa\u011flan\u0131r.Son olarak haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7anaklara en az yirmi\u015fer lt. can suyu verilerek dikim tamamlan\u0131r,hava ya\u011fmurlu da olsa bu can suyunun verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

BAKIM<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toprak \u0130\u015fleme:<\/strong>Gen\u00e7 nar bah\u00e7elerinde ilk y\u0131llar derin toprak i\u015fleme aletleriyle iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcm yap\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda i\u015f geni\u015fli\u011fi az dar olan bah\u00e7e trakt\u00f6rleriyle ve diskli t\u0131rm\u0131k rotovat\u00f6r, kazaya\u011f\u0131 gibi topra\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczlek i\u015fleyen aletlerle s\u00fcr\u00fcm yap\u0131labilir. A\u011fa\u00e7 dipleri gerekirse el aletleriyle \u00e7apalanabilir. Yabani ot kontrol\u00fcnde istenirse ot \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ila\u00e7larda kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcbreleme:<\/strong>Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fcbrenin uygulanmas\u0131nda topra\u011f\u0131n fiziksel ve kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131 a\u011fac\u0131n durumu iyi g\u00f6zlenmeli, toprak ve yaprak analizi yapt\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fcbre uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 en do\u011frusudur.Narlar\u0131nda organik g\u00fcbrenin geli\u015fme, verim ve kaliteye \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Narlara verilecek \u00e7iftlik g\u00fcbresi iyi yanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ve dekara 2-3 ton sonbahar-k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn bah\u00e7eye kaplayacak \u015fekilde verilmeli ve \u00e7apa ile topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nar i\u00e7in ye\u015fil g\u00fcbreleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da yararl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar verir. Bunun i\u00e7in bakla, fi\u011f gibi bitkiler nar bah\u00e7esinin tamam\u0131na ekilir. Ekimi yap\u0131lan bitkilerin \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6nemlerinde bah\u00e7e s\u00fcr\u00fclerek bitki topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu bitkilerin topra\u011f\u0131 azot\u00e7a zenginle\u015ftirmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da olumludur.<\/p>\n

Sulama:<\/strong>Nar yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her d\u00f6nemde sulama zorunludur. Sulaman\u0131n az ve s\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Genel olarak \u015fubat – mart aylar\u0131nda odun g\u00f6zlerinin s\u00fcrmesinden eyl\u00fcl – ekim aylar\u0131nda meyve olu\u015fumuna kadar s\u00fcrekli olarak toprak nemi korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle odun g\u00f6zlerinin s\u00fcrmesi \u00e7i\u00e7ek tomurcuklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131,tohum ba\u011flamas\u0131 ve meyve geli\u015fimi d\u00f6nemlerinde olmak \u00fczere 3 d\u00f6nemde yeterli toprak nemi mutlaka sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bah\u00e7enin toprak yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re sulama aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 7-10 g\u00fcn olmal\u0131 Ancak yaz aylar\u0131nda sulama s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve miktar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Meyvelerin son olgunla\u015fma d\u00f6neminde hasattan 10-15 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce sulama kesilmelidir. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise modern sulama sistemlerinden olan damla sulama alttan sulama, s\u0131zd\u0131rma usul\u00fc sulama sistemleri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Budama :<\/strong>\u015eekil budamas\u0131 ilk 2-3 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde a\u011fa\u00e7lar verime yatmadan \u00f6nce yap\u0131l\u0131r. Dikimden sonra dipten \u00e7\u0131kan kuvvetli 3-4 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ana g\u00f6vde olarak se\u00e7ilir ve tepeleri 50-60 cm kesilerek al\u00e7ak ta\u00e7lanmalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Ana g\u00f6vdelerden \u00e7\u0131kan birinci ve ikinci dallarda da 2.-3. y\u0131llarda tepe alma yap\u0131larak ta\u00e7 te\u015fkili tamamlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Verim Budamas\u0131:<\/strong>Narlar genel olarak 2. ve 3. y\u0131llardan itibaren meyve vermeye ba\u015flarlar. Narlar verime yatt\u0131ktan sonra meyve verecek dallarda u\u00e7 alma yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde se\u00e7ilen 3, 4 g\u00f6vde d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan dip s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin s\u00fcrekli olarak temizlenmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ta\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen obur dallar dipten kesilip, ta\u00e7 te\u015fkili i\u00e7in gerekirse u\u00e7 al\u0131narak dallanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131k ta\u00e7 meydana gelmi\u015f ise g\u00fcne\u015flenme ve havalanmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in genel bir seyreltme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Budamada zay\u0131f kurumu\u015f, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 dallara \u00f6ncelik verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Geli\u015ftirme Budamas\u0131:<\/strong>Narlar\u0131n verimlilik s\u00fcreleri \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fartlara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte ortalama 20 – 30 ya\u015flar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrer. Ancak k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131ndan yeni \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerle nar l00 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre verimlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir. Bu durumda ya\u015fl\u0131 g\u00f6vdeler dipten kesilerek yeni s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin olu\u015fumu te\u015fvik edilir. Bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerle ayn\u0131 yollarla yeni g\u00f6vdeler te\u015fkil edilerek a\u011fa\u00e7 gen\u00e7le\u015ftirilir. \u0130stenirse gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme i\u015flemi her y\u0131l her a\u011fa\u00e7tan l-2 g\u00f6vde kesilerek kademeli olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde bah\u00e7eden kesintisiz olarak \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130KL\u0130M VE TOPRAK \u0130STEKLER\u0130 \u0130klim \u0130ste\u011fi: Nar y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 500 mm lik ya\u011f\u0131\u015f istemekle birlikte bu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funa ilkbaharda ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Yaz\u0131n ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlar meyve kalitesini bozmakta, olgunlu\u011fa yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlar meyve kabu\u011funu \u00e7atlatmakta olup, bu zamanda iyi sonu\u00e7 vermemektedir. Meyve olu\u015fumu d\u00f6neminde kuru hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 en kaliteli mey venin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak pazar de\u011ferini… <\/p>\n

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