{"id":4251,"date":"2017-08-29T16:10:17","date_gmt":"2017-08-29T13:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ekizfidancilik.com\/tr\/?p=4251"},"modified":"2017-08-30T12:53:04","modified_gmt":"2017-08-30T09:53:04","slug":"kizilcik-yetistiriciligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekizfidancilik.com\/tr\/kizilcik-yetistiriciligi","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\u00dclkemiz bir\u00e7ok meyvenin anavatan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu meyvelerden biri de k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131kt\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k meyveleri vitamin C i\u00e7eri\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengindir. Vitamin C i\u00e7eri\u011fi portakal\u0131nkinin yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok mineral maddeler ve tanen i\u00e7erir. Meyvelerinde k\u0131lcal damarlar\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131ran, elastikli\u011fini sa\u011flayan ve kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 normal tutan maddeler bulunur. Meyve, \u00e7ekirdek, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, yaprak, kabuk ve k\u00f6kleri antiseptik \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile yaralar\u0131n tedavisinde mikroplara kar\u015f\u0131 ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu gibi \u00f6zellikleri ile son y\u0131llarda tekrar ele al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcketiminde art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k genel olarak yabani formlarda Karadeniz, Marmara, Ege ve Akdeniz B\u00f6lgelerinde sahil ve y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda, dere yataklar\u0131nda tek veya gruplar halinde bulunur. Malatya, Bursa, Yalova, Karab\u00fck, \u0130stanbul illerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 miktarda a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k, bizde ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131ktan re\u00e7el, marmelat, meyve suyu \u00fcretilir. \u00c7ekirdek ve yapraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ay ve kahve yap\u0131l\u0131r. Taze kabuklar\u0131ndan esans ve dizanteri hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ila\u00e7 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. G\u0131da sanayiinde, taze kuru ve sofral\u0131k olarak \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flemelerde, yemeklerde tat verici, kuru meyvelerinden ho\u015faf yap\u0131larak yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Meyvelere \u015feker d\u00f6k\u00fclerek uzun zaman muhafaza edilir. \u00c7ok g\u00fczel tatl\u0131, konserve \u015furup yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u011fac\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131, sert ve a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. A\u011fac\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc sar\u0131-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte, pembe beyaz odun cilalamaya uygundur. Sandalye, tekstil mekikleri k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131ktan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Dokuma sanayisinde mekik yap\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011firmen di\u015flileri k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131ktan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Yonga-biblo gibi el sanatlar\u0131, b\u00fcro malzemesi yap\u0131m\u0131nda yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Me\u015fhur Devrek bastonlar\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 erken \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bah\u00e7e d\u00fczenlenmesinde dekoratif \u00f6zelli\u011fi yan\u0131nda so\u011fuklara \u00e7ok dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tercih edilir. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde erozyona kar\u015f\u0131 ku\u015fak olu\u015fturmada kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u0130TK\u0130 \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/strong><\/h2>\n

K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir k\u00f6k sistemi olu\u015fturur. K\u00f6kleri fazla derine gitmez. Topra\u011fa yak\u0131n olan k\u00f6k sistemleri, toprak neminden \u00e7ok iyi yararlanma \u00f6zelli\u011findedir. Tiplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak a\u011fa\u00e7 2-5 m y\u00fckseklikte olabilir. A\u011fa\u00e7 dik, yayvan veya sark\u0131k \u015fekillerde olabilir. G\u00f6vde say\u0131s\u0131 1-6 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Dip s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri ile kendini yenileme \u00f6zelli\u011findedir. Bu \u015fekilde zeytin gibi \u00e7ok uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yapraklar mekik, yuvarlak ve oval \u015fekillidir. Yapraklar\u0131n alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda yak\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcyler vard\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri di\u011fer meyvelerden \u00f6nce a\u00e7ar. A\u00e7maya \u015eubat ay\u0131nda ba\u015flar ve 2-4 hafta devam eder. Meyve, bir ve daha ya\u015fl\u0131 dallarda, bazen g\u00f6vdede olu\u015fur. Meyve \u015fekli oval, yuvarlak, armut, silindir ve koniktir. \u00dcst renk k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, sar\u0131, sar\u0131-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-sar\u0131 olabilir. Et rengi ise k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, pembe, krem, sar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ekirdek \u015fekli mekik, oval ve yuvarlak olur.<\/p>\n

F\u0130DAN \u00dcRET\u0130M\u0130<\/h2>\n

Tohumla \u00fcretim:<\/strong>\u00a0Olgunla\u015fma \u00f6ncesi veya olgunla\u015fma sonras\u0131 yabani a\u011fa\u00e7lara ait meyvelerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan tohumlar, do\u011frudan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck saks\u0131lara veya tohum parsellerine ekilirler. Bu \u015fekilde elde edilen \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrler, bir sonraki yaz a\u015f\u0131ya gelirler.\u00c7imlenmeyi uyar\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemler yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7ok sert olan tohum kabu\u011fu yumu\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra tohumlar katlamaya al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bu \u015fekilde 18 ay sonra a\u015f\u0131lamaya uygun \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcr elde edilir.<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131lama :<\/strong>Do\u011fal ortamda bulunan yabani k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme \u00f6ncesi ilkbaharda budan\u0131r. Olu\u015fan bir ya\u015fl\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere T veya yongal\u0131 g\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. Tohumdan elde edilen veya dip s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinden elde edilen \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrlerin a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 yoluyla k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k fidanlar\u0131 elde edilir. \u00c7e\u015fit de\u011fi\u015ftirme amac\u0131yla da, budama ile olu\u015fturulan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere g\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda, iki veya daha ya\u015fl\u0131 dallara kalem a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131labilir. (T) g\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 May\u0131s-Haziran aylar\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve Temmuz-A\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda durgun a\u015f\u0131 \u015feklinde uygulan\u0131r. Yonga a\u015f\u0131, T g\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re daha erken d\u00f6nemlerde de yap\u0131labilir. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131kta yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131lardan, zamanlaman\u0131n iyi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tekni\u011fine uyulmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok iyi ba\u015far\u0131 elde edilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7elikle \u00fcretim :Yapraklanman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan sonra yeni s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 cm oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemden ba\u015flayarak, yapraklar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihe kadar uygulanabilen ye\u015fil \u00e7elikle \u00e7o\u011faltmadan 3000 ppm Indol Butirik Asit (IBA) uygulamas\u0131 ile iyi sonu\u00e7 al\u0131n\u0131r. Yapraklar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemden, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme \u00f6ncesine kadar olan d\u00f6nemde al\u0131nan yapraks\u0131z \u00e7elikler ile, 5000 ppm IBA ile k\u00f6klendirme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dald\u0131rma ile \u00fcretim :<\/strong>K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k, dald\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemiyle de \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak bu y\u00f6ntem ile istenilen say\u0131da fidan elde edilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca, dald\u0131rma ile elde edilen fidanlar, ge\u00e7 meyveye yatarlar.<\/p>\n

EKOLOJ\u0130K \u0130STEKLER\u0130<\/h2>\n

S\u0131cakl\u0131k:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k meyveleri s\u0131cakta \u00e7abuk olgunla\u015f\u0131r, irile\u015fir, verim artar. So\u011fuklara dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n minimum\u00a0\ufffd37 o C oldu\u011fu yerlerde zarar g\u00f6rmez. Bunun yan\u0131nda, g\u00f6lgeli yerlerden de ho\u015flan\u0131r, \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131caklardan olumsuz etkilenir.<\/p>\n

Su:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde su, en belirgin ve s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Mutlaka su ister. Taban suyuna orta derecede dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve hasat zaman\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiler. Nemli yerlerde meyve kalitesi artar<\/p>\n

Toprak:<\/strong>\u00a0Toprak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fazla se\u00e7ici de\u011fildir. Orta b\u00fcnyeli, derin ve ge\u00e7irgen topraklarda daha iyi geli\u015fir ve iyi meyve verir. Kire\u00e7li topraklara dayan\u0131kl\u0131, tuza az toleransl\u0131d\u0131r. Toprak PHs\u0131n\u0131n 6.4-7.4 oldu\u011fu yerlerde iyi sonu\u00e7 verir. Deniz seviyesinden y\u00fckseltisi 0-80-160 m; 300-500 m; 700-1200 m olan ku\u015faklarda yeti\u015fir. En iyi sonu\u00e7 ilk iki ku\u015fakta olmakla birlikte 700-1200 m y\u00fckseltilerdeki \u00f6zel alanlarda da rahatl\u0131kla yeti\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

BAH\u00c7E TES\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k bah\u00e7esi tesis edilecek olan yerdeki toprak analiz edilerek topra\u011f\u0131n bitki besin maddesi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 belirlenir. Dikim \u00f6ncesi toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nDikim:<\/strong>\u00a0Daha fazla verim almak ve hasat periyodunu geni\u015fletmek amac\u0131yla, birden fazla \u00e7e\u015fitle bah\u00e7e kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. \u00c7e\u015fitlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00f6zellikleri ve arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, dikim mesafeleri 4×4 m, 5×5 m, 6×6 m olarak belirlenir.<\/p>\n

K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL \u0130\u015eLEMLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

Budama:<\/strong>\u00a0Budama, yapraklar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ile \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca hasat sonras\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lan dallar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin seyreltilmesi amac\u0131yla da budama yap\u0131labilir. Budamada meyve tomurcuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesi, budama i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Budama ile a\u011fac\u0131n geli\u015fmesine en uygun \u015fekil olu\u015fturulur. A\u011fa\u00e7 gen\u00e7le\u015fir. Budama ile meyve irile\u015fir ve kalite artar. Dikim budamas\u0131 dikimden sonra, a\u011fac\u0131n toprak seviyesinden 50-70 cm\u2019den tepe vurma \u015feklinde uygulan\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k rahatl\u0131kla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc budamaya \u00e7ok iyi tepki g\u00f6stermekle birlikte, \u015fekil budamas\u0131 olarak k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131\u011fa modifiye lider formu \u00f6nerilir. Bunun i\u00e7in lider dal ile birlikte 5-7 ana dal se\u00e7ilir, ana dallar \u00fczerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 dallar olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n

Verim budamas\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015flenmenin dengelenmesi, meyvenin a\u011fac\u0131n her taraf\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, gerekti\u011finde meyve seyreltmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu arada \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden dolay\u0131 olu\u015fan obur dallarda u\u00e7 alma i\u015flemi yap\u0131larak, bu dallar 2-3 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde verimli hale getirilir.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce de s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi, k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k kendini yenileyen bir meyvedir. Ya\u015fl\u0131 ve verimden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar, gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme budamas\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla gen\u00e7le\u015ftirilir. Uygulama:
\n\u2022 Ana dal d\u00fczeyinde gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme
\n\u2022 G\u00f6vde d\u00fczeyinde gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme \u015feklinde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sulama:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r sudur. Bu nedenle sulama \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Kurak ve susuz y\u0131llarda meyve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kal\u0131r, verim ve kalite azal\u0131r. Sulama ile meyve irili\u011fi artar, verim ve kalite y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcbreleme:\u00a0<\/strong>Yap\u0131lacak toprak ve yaprak analizlerine g\u00f6re g\u00fcbrelemeden \u00e7ok olumlu sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131n\u0131r. Genel olarak, organik g\u00fcbreler dekara 2-3 ton hesab\u0131yla 3-4 y\u0131lda bir verilir. Azot dekara 15-20 kg, fosfor 30-35 kg ve potasyum ise 10-12 kg hesab\u0131yla verilir.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131msal M\u00fccadele:<\/strong>\u00a0Do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fen k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131klarda herhangi bir hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesine kar\u015f\u0131n, ticari olarak k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle nemli y\u00f6relerde ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar sonras\u0131 botritis, antraknoz gibi hastal\u0131klar etkili olabilmektedir. Bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131rl\u0131 preparatlar ile fungusit uygulamalar\u0131 iyi sonu\u00e7 verir. Orman ile s\u0131n\u0131r yerlerde ve ormandan a\u00e7\u0131lan arazilerde tesis edilen yerlerde k\u00f6k \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zarar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi alanlarda di\u011fer meyvelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen meyve sine\u011fi, kabuklu bit gibi zararl\u0131lar k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak \u00f6nemli derecede zarara yol a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hasat:\u00a0<\/strong>K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bulunduklar\u0131 y\u00fckselti ve iklime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hasat Temmuz ortas\u0131ndan Ekim ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar devam eder. Bir a\u011fa\u00e7ta bulunan meyveler ayn\u0131 anda olgunla\u015fmaz. Bu nedenle 2-3 defada hasat yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k meyveleri hasattan sonra olgunla\u015fmaya devam eder. Olgunluk ilerledik\u00e7e irilik, meyvede \u015feker oran\u0131 artar, C vitamini ve sertlik azal\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellikten yararlanabilmek i\u00e7in meyvelerde renklenme ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman hasat yap\u0131larak, pazara ula\u015fma an\u0131nda tam olgunla\u015fma sa\u011flan\u0131r; zararlanma oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Hasat edilen meyveler en fazla 5 kilograml\u0131k plastik veya karton ambalajlar ya da en iyisi 1-2 kilograml\u0131k plastik kaplara konularak ta\u015f\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde kay\u0131plar azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn albenisi art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

KIZILCIK YET\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130C\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/h2>\n

\u00dclkemiz bir\u00e7ok meyvenin anavatan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu meyvelerden biri de k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131kt\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k meyveleri vitamin C i\u00e7eri\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengindir. Vitamin C i\u00e7eri\u011fi portakal\u0131nkinin yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok mineral maddeler ve tanen i\u00e7erir. Meyvelerinde k\u0131lcal damarlar\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131ran, elastikli\u011fini sa\u011flayan ve kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 normal tutan maddeler bulunur. Meyve, \u00e7ekirdek, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, yaprak, kabuk ve k\u00f6kleri antiseptik \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile yaralar\u0131n tedavisinde mikroplara kar\u015f\u0131 ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu gibi \u00f6zellikleri ile son y\u0131llarda tekrar ele al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcketiminde art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k genel olarak yabani formlarda Karadeniz, Marmara, Ege ve Akdeniz B\u00f6lgelerinde sahil ve y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda, dere yataklar\u0131nda tek veya gruplar halinde bulunur. Malatya, Bursa, Yalova, Karab\u00fck, \u0130stanbul illerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 miktarda a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k, bizde ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131ktan re\u00e7el, marmelat, meyve suyu \u00fcretilir. \u00c7ekirdek ve yapraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ay ve kahve yap\u0131l\u0131r. Taze kabuklar\u0131ndan esans ve dizanteri hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ila\u00e7 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. G\u0131da sanayiinde, taze kuru ve sofral\u0131k olarak \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flemelerde, yemeklerde tat verici, kuru meyvelerinden ho\u015faf yap\u0131larak yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Meyvelere \u015feker d\u00f6k\u00fclerek uzun zaman muhafaza edilir. \u00c7ok g\u00fczel tatl\u0131, konserve \u015furup yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u011fac\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131, sert ve a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. A\u011fac\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc sar\u0131-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte, pembe beyaz odun cilalamaya uygundur. Sandalye, tekstil mekikleri k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131ktan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Dokuma sanayiinde mekik yap\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011firmen di\u015flileri k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131ktan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Yonga-biblo gibi el sanatlar\u0131, b\u00fcro malzemesi yap\u0131m\u0131nda yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Me\u015fhur Devrek bastonlar\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 erken \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bah\u00e7e d\u00fczenlenmesinde dekoratif \u00f6zelli\u011fi yan\u0131nda so\u011fuklara \u00e7ok dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tercih edilir. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde erozyona kar\u015f\u0131 ku\u015fak olu\u015fturmada kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u0130TK\u0130 \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/strong><\/h2>\n

K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir k\u00f6k sistemi olu\u015fturur. K\u00f6kleri fazla derine gitmez. Topra\u011fa yak\u0131n olan k\u00f6k sistemleri, toprak neminden \u00e7ok iyi yararlanma \u00f6zelli\u011findedir. Tiplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak a\u011fa\u00e7 2-5 m y\u00fckseklikte olabilir. A\u011fa\u00e7 dik, yayvan veya sark\u0131k \u015fekillerde olabilir. G\u00f6vde say\u0131s\u0131 1-6 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Dip s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri ile kendini yenileme \u00f6zelli\u011findedir. Bu \u015fekilde zeytin gibi \u00e7ok uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yapraklar mekik, yuvarlak ve oval \u015fekillidir. Yapraklar\u0131n alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda yak\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcyler vard\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri di\u011fer meyvelerden \u00f6nce a\u00e7ar. A\u00e7maya \u015eubat ay\u0131nda ba\u015flar ve 2-4 hafta devam eder. Meyve, bir ve daha ya\u015fl\u0131 dallarda, bazen g\u00f6vdede olu\u015fur. Meyve \u015fekli oval, yuvarlak, armut, silindir ve koniktir. \u00dcst renk k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, sar\u0131, sar\u0131-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-sar\u0131 olabilir. Et rengi ise k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, pembe, krem, sar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ekirdek \u015fekli mekik, oval ve yuvarlak olur.<\/p>\n

F\u0130DAN \u00dcRET\u0130M\u0130<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tohumla \u00fcretim:\u00a0<\/strong>Olgunla\u015fma \u00f6ncesi veya olgunla\u015fma sonras\u0131 yabani a\u011fa\u00e7lara ait meyvelerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan tohumlar, do\u011frudan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck saks\u0131lara veya tohum parsellerine ekilirler. Bu \u015fekilde elde edilen \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrler, bir sonraki yaz a\u015f\u0131ya gelirler.\u00c7imlenmeyi uyar\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemler yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7ok sert olan tohum kabu\u011fu yumu\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra tohumlar katlamaya al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bu \u015fekilde 18 ay sonra a\u015f\u0131lamaya uygun \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcr elde edilir.<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131lama :<\/strong>Do\u011fal ortamda bulunan yabani k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme \u00f6ncesi ilkbaharda budan\u0131r. Olu\u015fan bir ya\u015fl\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere T veya yongal\u0131 g\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. Tohumdan elde edilen veya dip s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinden elde edilen \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrlerin a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 yoluyla k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k fidanlar\u0131 elde edilir. \u00c7e\u015fit de\u011fi\u015ftirme amac\u0131yla da, budama ile olu\u015fturulan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere g\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda, iki veya daha ya\u015fl\u0131 dallara kalem a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131labilir. (T) g\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 May\u0131s-Haziran aylar\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve Temmuz-A\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda durgun a\u015f\u0131 \u015feklinde uygulan\u0131r. Yonga a\u015f\u0131, T g\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re daha erken d\u00f6nemlerde de yap\u0131labilir. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131kta yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131lardan, zamanlaman\u0131n iyi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tekni\u011fine uyulmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok iyi ba\u015far\u0131 elde edilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7elikle \u00fcretim :<\/strong>Yapraklanman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan sonra yeni s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 cm oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemden ba\u015flayarak, yapraklar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihe kadar uygulanabilen ye\u015fil \u00e7elikle \u00e7o\u011faltmadan 3000 ppm Indol Butirik Asit (IBA) uygulamas\u0131 ile iyi sonu\u00e7 al\u0131n\u0131r. Yapraklar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemden, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme \u00f6ncesine kadar olan d\u00f6nemde al\u0131nan yapraks\u0131z \u00e7elikler ile, 5000 ppm IBA ile k\u00f6klendirme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dald\u0131rma ile \u00fcretim :<\/strong>K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k, dald\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemiyle de \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak bu y\u00f6ntem ile istenilen say\u0131da fidan elde edilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca, dald\u0131rma ile elde edilen fidanlar, ge\u00e7 meyveye yatarlar.<\/p>\n

EKOLOJ\u0130K \u0130STEKLER\u0130<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u0131cakl\u0131k:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k meyveleri s\u0131cakta \u00e7abuk olgunla\u015f\u0131r, irile\u015fir, verim artar. So\u011fuklara dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n minimum\u00a0\ufffd37 o C oldu\u011fu yerlerde zarar g\u00f6rmez. Bunun yan\u0131nda, g\u00f6lgeli yerlerden de ho\u015flan\u0131r, \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131caklardan olumsuz etkilenir.<\/p>\n

Su:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde su, en belirgin ve s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Mutlaka su ister. Taban suyuna orta derecede dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve hasat zaman\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiler. Nemli yerlerde meyve kalitesi artar<\/p>\n

Toprak:\u00a0Toprak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fazla se\u00e7ici de\u011fildir. Orta b\u00fcnyeli, derin ve ge\u00e7irgen topraklarda daha iyi geli\u015fir ve iyi meyve verir. Kire\u00e7li topraklara dayan\u0131kl\u0131, tuza az toleransl\u0131d\u0131r. Toprak PHs\u0131n\u0131n 6.4-7.4 oldu\u011fu yerlerde iyi sonu\u00e7 verir. Deniz seviyesinden y\u00fckseltisi 0-80-160 m; 300-500 m; 700-1200 m olan ku\u015faklarda yeti\u015fir. En iyi sonu\u00e7 ilk iki ku\u015fakta olmakla birlikte 700-1200 m y\u00fckseltilerdeki \u00f6zel alanlarda da rahatl\u0131kla yeti\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

BAH\u00c7E TES\u0130S\u0130\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k bah\u00e7esi tesis edilecek olan yerdeki toprak analiz edilerek topra\u011f\u0131n bitki besin maddesi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 belirlenir. Dikim \u00f6ncesi toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nDikim:<\/strong>\u00a0Daha fazla verim almak ve hasat periyodunu geni\u015fletmek amac\u0131yla, birden fazla \u00e7e\u015fitle bah\u00e7e kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. \u00c7e\u015fitlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00f6zellikleri ve arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, dikim mesafeleri 4×4 m, 5×5 m, 6×6 m olarak belirlenir.<\/p>\n

K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL \u0130\u015eLEMLER<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Budama:<\/strong>\u00a0Budama, yapraklar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ile \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca hasat sonras\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lan dallar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin seyreltilmesi amac\u0131yla da budama yap\u0131labilir. Budamada meyve tomurcuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesi, budama i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Budama ile a\u011fac\u0131n geli\u015fmesine en uygun \u015fekil olu\u015fturulur. A\u011fa\u00e7 gen\u00e7le\u015fir. Budama ile meyve irile\u015fir ve kalite artar. Dikim budamas\u0131 dikimden sonra, a\u011fac\u0131n toprak seviyesinden 50-70 cmden tepe vurma \u015feklinde uygulan\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k rahatl\u0131kla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc budamaya \u00e7ok iyi tepki g\u00f6stermekle birlikte, \u015fekil budamas\u0131 olarak k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131\u011fa modifiye lider formu \u00f6nerilir. Bunun i\u00e7in lider dal ile birlikte 5-7 ana dal se\u00e7ilir, ana dallar \u00fczerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 dallar olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n

Verim budamas\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015flenmenin dengelenmesi, meyvenin a\u011fac\u0131n her taraf\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, gerekti\u011finde meyve seyreltmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu arada \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden dolay\u0131 olu\u015fan obur dallarda u\u00e7 alma i\u015flemi yap\u0131larak, bu dallar 2-3 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde verimli hale getirilir.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce de s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi, k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k kendini yenileyen bir meyvedir. Ya\u015fl\u0131 ve verimden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar, gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme budamas\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla gen\u00e7le\u015ftirilir. Uygulama:
\n\u2022 Ana dal d\u00fczeyinde gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme
\n\u2022 G\u00f6vde d\u00fczeyinde gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme \u015feklinde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sulama:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r sudur. Bu nedenle sulama \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Kurak ve susuz y\u0131llarda meyve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kal\u0131r, verim ve kalite azal\u0131r. Sulama ile meyve irili\u011fi artar, verim ve kalite y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcbreleme:\u00a0<\/strong>Yap\u0131lacak toprak ve yaprak analizlerine g\u00f6re g\u00fcbrelemeden \u00e7ok olumlu sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131n\u0131r. Genel olarak, organik g\u00fcbreler dekara 2-3 ton hesab\u0131yla 3-4 y\u0131lda bir verilir. Azot dekara 15-20 kg, fosfor 30-35 kg ve potasyum ise 10-12 kg hesab\u0131yla verilir.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131msal M\u00fccadele:<\/strong>\u00a0Do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fen k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131klarda herhangi bir hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesine kar\u015f\u0131n, ticari olarak k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle nemli y\u00f6relerde ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar sonras\u0131 botritis, antraknoz gibi hastal\u0131klar etkili olabilmektedir. Bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131rl\u0131 preparatlar ile fungusit uygulamalar\u0131 iyi sonu\u00e7 verir. Orman ile s\u0131n\u0131r yerlerde ve ormandan a\u00e7\u0131lan arazilerde tesis edilen yerlerde k\u00f6k \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zarar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi alanlarda di\u011fer meyvelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen meyve sine\u011fi, kabuklu bit gibi zararl\u0131lar k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak \u00f6nemli derecede zarara yol a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hasat:\u00a0<\/strong>K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bulunduklar\u0131 y\u00fckselti ve iklime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hasat Temmuz ortas\u0131ndan Ekim ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar devam eder. Bir a\u011fa\u00e7ta bulunan meyveler ayn\u0131 anda olgunla\u015fmaz. Bu nedenle 2-3 defada hasat yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k meyveleri hasattan sonra olgunla\u015fmaya devam eder. Olgunluk ilerledik\u00e7e irilik, meyvede \u015feker oran\u0131 artar, C vitamini ve sertlik azal\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellikten yararlanabilmek i\u00e7in meyvelerde renklenme ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman hasat yap\u0131larak, pazara ula\u015fma an\u0131nda tam olgunla\u015fma sa\u011flan\u0131r; zararlanma oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Hasat edilen meyveler en fazla 5 kilograml\u0131k plastik veya karton ambalajlar ya da en iyisi 1-2 kilograml\u0131k plastik kaplara konularak ta\u015f\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde kay\u0131plar azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn albenisi art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u00dclkemiz bir\u00e7ok meyvenin anavatan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu meyvelerden biri de k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131kt\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k meyveleri vitamin C i\u00e7eri\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengindir. Vitamin C i\u00e7eri\u011fi portakal\u0131nkinin yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok mineral maddeler ve tanen i\u00e7erir. Meyvelerinde k\u0131lcal damarlar\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131ran, elastikli\u011fini sa\u011flayan ve kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 normal tutan maddeler bulunur. Meyve, \u00e7ekirdek, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, yaprak, kabuk ve k\u00f6kleri antiseptik \u00f6zelli\u011fi… <\/p>\n

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