{"id":4288,"date":"2017-08-29T16:18:14","date_gmt":"2017-08-29T13:18:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ekizfidancilik.com\/tr\/?p=4288"},"modified":"2017-08-30T12:46:03","modified_gmt":"2017-08-30T09:46:03","slug":"kestane-yetistiriciligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekizfidancilik.com\/tr\/kestane-yetistiriciligi","title":{"rendered":"Kestane Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kestanenin Ekolojik \u0130stekleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u0131cakl\u0131k:<\/strong>Kestanenin meyvelerini olgunla\u015ft\u0131rabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131ndan hasada g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k toplam\u0131n\u0131n 2000-2300 *C olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Kestane k\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u201330 dereceye kadar dayanabilmektedir. Ancak ilkbahar\u0131n ge\u00e7 ve sonbahar\u0131n ilkdonlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r. Kestane yaz\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klardan de\u011fil ancak ya\u011f\u0131\u015fs\u0131z ge\u00e7en mevsimlerde kurakl\u0131ktan etkilenirler. Kestanelerin K\u0131\u015f so\u011fuklama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 orta d\u00fczeyde olmakla birlikte bunlarla ilgili kesin rakamlar belirlenmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f:<\/strong>Kestane y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f toplam\u0131 600-1200 mm olan yerlerde susuz yeti\u015febilir. Bu nedenle ya\u011f\u0131\u015f kestane yeti\u015ftirticili\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6neminde ya\u011fan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar meyve tutumunu olumsuz etkiler.<\/p>\n

Toprak:<\/strong>Kestane kaz\u0131k k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir bitkidir. Bah\u00e7e kurulmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen yerin topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gev\u015fek yap\u0131l\u0131 ve derin olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Potasyumca zengin topraklar tercih edilmelidir. Toprak pH\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n 5,5-6 civar\u0131nda olmas\u0131 istenir. A\u011f\u0131r, killi, su ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi topraklar tercih edilmemelidir. Genellikle bu tip topraklarda m\u00fcrekkep hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanmak kolayla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kestanenin \u00c7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Ana\u00e7lar:<\/strong>Dald\u0131rma, \u00e7eliklerle k\u00f6klendirme y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131lsa da en \u00e7ok uygulanan ve en g\u00fcvenilir y\u00f6ntem a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 fidan ile \u00fcretimdir. A\u015f\u0131lamada mutlaka Haziran S\u00fcrg\u00fcn G\u00f6z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 tercih edilmelidir. Kestane tohumlar\u0131 0-4 *C 3 ayl\u0131k bir katlama sonucunda % 90 oran\u0131nda bir \u00e7imlenme g\u00f6sterir. Tohumlar katlanmadan \u00f6nce mantari ila\u00e7larla ila\u00e7lanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Katlamadan \u00e7\u0131kan tohumlar 70-80 cm. s\u0131ra aras\u0131nda mesafede ve 30 cm. s\u0131ra \u00fczerine ekilirler. Kaz\u0131k k\u00f6kl\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00f6k ucunu kesmek sa\u00e7ak k\u00f6k yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131l\u0131 fidan k\u0131\u015f\u0131n durgun d\u00f6neminde bah\u00e7eye tesis edilmelidir. Di\u011fer kullan\u0131lan ana\u00e7lar Maravel ve Marigoule\u2019dir. Bu ana\u00e7lardan al\u0131nan \u00e7elikler k\u00f6klendirilip, \u00fczerine k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitleri a\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bah\u00e7e Kurma:<\/strong>Bah\u00e7e yeri se\u00e7iminde nokta dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar toprak ve yerdir. Topra\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7irgen, havalan\u0131r ve derin olmas\u0131 gerekir. A\u011f\u0131r topraklar \u00e7ok tehlikelidir. so\u011fu\u011fun topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ukur vadilerde kestane yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi i\u00e7in tehlike arz etmektedir. Denizden en az 400 m. y\u00fcksekliklerde plantasyonlar kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dikim aral\u0131klar\u0131 yeni bah\u00e7e tesis ederken 7mX7m, 8mX8m. dikim mesafeleri tercih edilmelidir. Dikim esnas\u0131nda uygulanacak i\u015flemler, dikim \u00e7ukuruna 150-200 g. Kompoze g\u00fcbre ve \u00fczerine ah\u0131r g\u00fcresi verilmelidir. Dikim \u00e7ukuru 40-50 cm. geni\u015flik ve derinli\u011finde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kestane Bah\u00e7esinde Uygulanacak K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130\u015flemler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Terbiye \u015eekli:<\/strong>Genellikle tercih edilen Modifiye Lider (Doruk Dall\u0131) terbiye sistemidir. Doruk dal belli bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131nca b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi kontrol amac\u0131yla doruk dal kesilebilir.<\/p>\n

Verim \u00c7a\u011f\u0131ndaki A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n Budanmas\u0131:<\/strong>Gerekli yerlerde dal seyreltmesi \u015feklinde budama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerde kesinlikle k\u0131saltma yap\u0131lmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tomurcuklar y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin ucunda olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f A\u011fanlarda Budama:<\/strong>Ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f verimden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7larda ana dallar kuvvetli budanarak yani kabaklama yap\u0131larak yeni s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olu\u015fumu sa\u011flan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme yap\u0131larak verim eldesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mal\u00e7lama:<\/strong>Toprak neminin korunmas\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131 ot kontrol\u00fcne kadar bir \u00e7ok faydas\u0131 olup \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 fidan d\u00f6neminde arazideki fidanlarda uygulanmas\u0131nda kesinlikle fayda vard\u0131r. Mal\u00e7lama materyali olarak saman vb. materyaller kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r .\u0130lk 4-5 y\u0131l a\u011fa\u00e7 didine ta\u00e7 izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne gelebilecek \u015fekilde ve 3-*4 cm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mal\u00e7lama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hastal\u0131k ve Zararl\u0131lar:<\/strong>Kestanenin en \u00f6nemli hasl\u0131klar\u0131 Kestane Dal Kanseri ve M\u00fcrekkep Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kestane Kanseri:<\/strong>\u00a0hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sporlar\u0131 r\u00fczgar b\u00f6cek ve ku\u015flarla ta\u015f\u0131narak a\u011fa\u00e7larda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yaralardan i\u00e7eri girerek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar. Hastal\u0131k yerinde ya\u015fl\u0131 dallarda \u015fi\u015fkinlikler olu\u015fur. Gen\u00e7 kestane a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131nda k\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kememe en tipik te\u015fhis y\u00f6ntemidir. Di\u011fer bir belirtide hastal\u0131kl\u0131 dal \u00fczerine boyuna \u00e7atlamalar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kuruyup \u00e7atlayan yerlerin \u00fczeri k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131mt\u0131rak kahverengindedir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fccadelesi :<\/strong><\/p>\n

-Hastal\u0131kl\u0131 fidan ve a\u015f\u0131 kalemi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yerlere ta\u015f\u0131nmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-A\u011fa\u00e7larda yara a\u00e7\u0131lmamal\u0131 ve yara yerleri hemen a\u015f\u0131 macunu ile kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

–<\/strong>Hastal\u0131kl\u0131 dal ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler kesilmeli ve yak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

–<\/strong>Hastal\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerle bah\u00e7eler olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fcrekkep Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong>Bu hastal\u0131k k\u00f6k ve k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan sporlar k\u00f6k ve k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131nda meydana gelen yaralardan girerek bitkiye bula\u015f\u0131rlar. Hastal\u0131k gen\u00e7 a\u011fa\u00e7larda h\u0131zl\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7larda yava\u015f seyreder. Hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanm\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yapraklar\u0131 birdenbire p\u00f6rs\u00fcr ve kurur. Ya\u015fl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7larda kurumalar tepeden ba\u015flar. Yava\u015f yava\u015f alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere do\u011fru ilerler. Hastal\u0131k bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yapraklar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kal\u0131r. Su ge\u00e7irmeyen a\u011f\u0131r topraklarda kestane bah\u00e7esi kurulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen Maravel ve Marigoule ana\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerine a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerle bah\u00e7e kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli \u00c7e\u015fitler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hac\u0131ibi\u015f (62305):<\/strong>A\u011fac\u0131 orta kuvvette yayvan geli\u015fir. Verimi orta derecededir. Meyveleri genellikle \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck geni\u015f\u00e7e oval\u2019 dir. Meyve kabu\u011fu kal\u0131n meyve eti krem renginde ve kalitesi iyidir. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n 3. haftas\u0131nda olgunla\u015f\u0131r Tozlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131: Karamehmet ve Firdolad\u0131r. Sofral\u0131k t\u00fcketime uygun bir \u00e7e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n

Osmano\u011flu (51101):<\/strong>A\u011fac\u0131 orta kuvvette yayvan geli\u015fir. Verimli bir \u00e7e\u015fittir. Meyveleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck -orta, iri geni\u015f\u00e7e oval \u015fekilli , meyve eti kerem rengindedir. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n 3. Haftas\u0131 olgunla\u015f\u0131r. Tozlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Karamehmet; Firdola, ve Sar\u0131a\u015flamad\u0131r. Kestane \u015fekerine uygun bir \u00e7e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n

Sar\u0131a\u015flama (51111):<\/strong>A\u011fac\u0131 Orta kuvvette yar\u0131 dik geli\u015fir. Verimli \u00e7e\u015fittir. Meyveleri orta iri-iri, geni\u015f\u00e7e oval, meyve kabu\u011fu ince kahverengi meyve eti krem renginde , kaliteli bir \u00e7e\u015fittir. Sofral\u0131k t\u00fcketime ve kestane hamuru yap\u0131m\u0131na uygun bir \u00e7e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n

Mahmutmolla(51112):<\/strong>A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 orta kuvvette dik geli\u015fir. Verimli bir \u00e7e\u015fittir. Meyveler orta iriliktedir. Taze iken zor soyulur. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n son haftas\u0131nda hasat edilir. Tozlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 51111\u2019dir. Hamur yap\u0131m\u0131na uygun bir \u00e7e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n

Hac\u0131\u00f6mer (52214):<\/strong>A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 orta kuvvette ve yayvan geli\u015fir. Meyveleri orta iriliktedir. Verimli bir\u00e7e\u015fittir. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n 3.haftas\u0131 hasat edilir. Tozlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 52510\u2019dur. Taze t\u00fcketime ve hamur yap\u0131m\u0131na uygun bir \u00e7e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kestanenin Ekolojik \u0130stekleri S\u0131cakl\u0131k:Kestanenin meyvelerini olgunla\u015ft\u0131rabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131ndan hasada g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k toplam\u0131n\u0131n 2000-2300 *C olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Kestane k\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u201330 dereceye kadar dayanabilmektedir. Ancak ilkbahar\u0131n ge\u00e7 ve sonbahar\u0131n ilkdonlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r. Kestane yaz\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klardan de\u011fil ancak ya\u011f\u0131\u015fs\u0131z ge\u00e7en mevsimlerde kurakl\u0131ktan etkilenirler. Kestanelerin K\u0131\u015f so\u011fuklama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 orta d\u00fczeyde olmakla birlikte bunlarla ilgili kesin… <\/p>\n

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