{"id":4593,"date":"2017-08-27T13:06:15","date_gmt":"2017-08-27T10:06:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ekizfidancilik.com\/tr\/?p=4593"},"modified":"2017-08-30T13:09:07","modified_gmt":"2017-08-30T10:09:07","slug":"67-hurma-yetistiriciligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekizfidancilik.com\/tr\/67-hurma-yetistiriciligi","title":{"rendered":"Trabzon Hurmas\u0131 Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7izelge 1. Y\u0131llara G\u00f6re D\u00fcnya Trabzon Hurmas\u0131 \u00dcretim de\u011ferleri (x1000 Ton)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u00dclke<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2001<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2003<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2004<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Toplam<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00c7in<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.616<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.610<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.775<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.884<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.825<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.700<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kore<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

287.85<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

270.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

281.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

249.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

250<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.114<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Japonya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

278.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

281.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

269.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

265<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

232.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.336<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Brezilya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

63.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

65<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

65.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

66<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

67<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

326.8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130talya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42.45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

48.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

254.9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130srail<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

142.0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Yeni Zel.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130ran<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Avustralya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.65<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.65<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.65<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.65<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.65<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.25<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Meksika<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.25<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

D\u00fcn. Toplam<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.299.6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.293.6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.488.2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.561.9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.472.9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11.891.3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00c7izelge2: 2004 Y\u0131l\u0131 Trabzon Hurmas\u0131 D\u00fcnya Verim Ortalamas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u00dclke<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Dikim alan\u0131 (ha)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Verim (ton\/ha)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00c7in<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

653.200<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kore<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28.000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

89.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Japonya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.400<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

95.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Brezilya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.700<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130talya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.900<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

189.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130srail<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.400<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

90.91<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Yeni Zelanda<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

390<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130ran<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Avustralya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

75<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

86.7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Meksika<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

90<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

D\u00fcnya Toplam<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

720215<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

903.01<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

D\u00fcnya Ort.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

72021.5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

90.301<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00c7izelge 3. Y\u0131llar G\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiyede Trabzon Hurmas\u0131 \u00dcretimi ve A\u011fa\u00e7 Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Y\u0131llar<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00dcretim (Ton)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M. Veren A\u011fa\u00e7 (adet)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M. Vermeyen A\u011fa\u00e7 (adet)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Toplam A\u011fa\u00e7(Adet)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1982<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3500<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

95000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

110000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1987<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

160000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

60000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

220000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1992<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

305000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

95000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

400000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1997<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

375000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

120000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

495000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

550000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

193000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

743000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00c7izelge 4. T\u00fcrkiyede Trabzon Hurmas\u0131 \u00dcretimi ve \u0130llere G\u00f6re A\u011fa\u00e7 Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0130ller<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00dcretim (Ton)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M. Veren A\u011fa\u00e7 (adet)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M. Vermeyen A\u011fa\u00e7 (adet)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Toplam A\u011fa\u00e7 (adet)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hatay<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3979<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

220505<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20526<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

241031<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130\u00e7el<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3447<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

99247<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6874<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

106121<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Adana<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3011<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

53910<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24490<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

83400<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

K.Mara\u015f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

717<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25895<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17525<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

43420<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ordu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

688<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35515<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3853<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39368<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Samsun<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

466<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8470<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5575<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14045<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Artvin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

380<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13291<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1912<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15203<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Sakarya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

380<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9050<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1530<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10580<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ad\u0131yaman<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

287<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11300<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

74718<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

86018<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00c7izelge5. Trabzon Hurmas\u0131 Meyvelerinin Besin \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0130\u00e7erik<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00c7ekirdekli \u00c7e\u015fit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00c7ekirdeksiz \u00c7e\u015fit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Yabani Meyve<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kalori (Cal.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

63<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

65<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

104<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Protein (g)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ya\u011f (g)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Top. Karbonhidrat (g)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kalsiyum (mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Fosfor (mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Demir (mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Sodyum(mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Potasyum (I.U.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

143<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

146<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

254<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

A vitamini (mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2220<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2275<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

–<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Thiamine (mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.02<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.02<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

–<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Riboflavin (mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.02<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.02<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

–<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Niacin (mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

–<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

C Vitamini (mg)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Tak\u0131m:Ebenales
\nFamilya:Ebenaceae
\nCins: Dispyros
\nT\u00fcr: Diospyros lotus L. (Orjini \u00c7indir. Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi de g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Ana\u00e7l\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.)
\nDiospyros kaki L. (Orjini \u00c7indir. Meyveleri yenen b\u00fct\u00fcn t. Hurmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitleri bu t\u00fcre girer)
\nDiospyros virginiana L. (ABD orjinlidir. Ana\u00e7l\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.)
\nDios (Ba\u015ftanr\u0131, J\u00fcpiter), Pyros (dane) kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelmi\u015f ve \u2018Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Yiyece\u011fi \u2018anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Diospyros cinsinin haploid kromozom say\u0131s\u0131 n=15, diospyros lotus diploid 2n=30, Diospyros kaki hekzaploid 6n=90, Diospyros virginianan\u0131n hem tetraploid hem de hekzaploid formu vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trabzon Hurmas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnyada K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Yayg\u0131n Olmamas\u0131n\u0131n Nedenleri\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u00c7e\u015fitler \u00dczerinde Fazla \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Olmas\u0131
\n\u2022 Rastgele \u00c7e\u015fitlerin \u00dcretilmi\u015f Olmas\u0131
\n\u2022 T\u00fcketim \u015eekillerinin Bilinmemesi
\n\u2022 Meyve Standartlar\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmemi\u015f Olmas\u0131
\n\u2022 \u0130klim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6r olmas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Anavatan\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>
\nTrabzon hurmas\u0131n\u0131n anavatan\u0131 \u00c7indir. Bu meyve \u00e7ok eski tarihlerde Japonyaya getirilmi\u015f ve \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 800den fazla \u00e7e\u015fidi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Korede de geni\u015f alanlarda yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hindistan, Seylan ve Avustralyada geni\u015f alanlarda yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABDye 1870li y\u0131llarda getirilmi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kaliforniya, Teksas ve Florida eyaletlerinde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Karadeniz Havzas\u0131nda, Fransan\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde, \u0130talya, Kuzey Afrika \u00dclkeleri ve \u0130srailde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiyeye hangi tarihlerde girdi\u011fi bilinmemekle beraber \u00dclkemizde en \u00e7ok Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesinde yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in Ege, Karadeniz ve Marmara b\u00f6lgelerinde de yeti\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

POMOLOJ\u0130K SINIFLANDIRMA
\nMeyve Et Rengine G\u00f6re:\u00a0<\/strong>
\n1.Meyve eti koyu renk olanlar
\n2.Meyve eti koyu ve a\u00e7\u0131k (Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k)renk olanlar
\n3.Meyve et rengi a\u00e7\u0131k renk olanlar<\/span><\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonunda \u00e7e\u015fitlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda meyve et rengindeki de\u011fi\u015fime tozlaman\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcnce bu s\u0131n\u0131flama sistemi ge\u00e7ersiz olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7e\u015fitlerin \u00e7o\u011fu tozland\u0131klar\u0131 zaman meyveleri \u00e7ekirdekli olmakta ve meyvede olu\u015fan \u00e7ekirdek miktar\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7ok olursa meyve et rengi o kadar koyu olmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitler ise tozland\u0131klar\u0131 zaman meyve et rengi sabit kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda tozlaman\u0131n et rengine olan etkisi dikkate al\u0131narak yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131flama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve halen kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Meyve et rengi kararl\u0131 olanlar
\n2. Meyve et rengi karars\u0131z olanlar\u00a0<\/strong>
\nBirinci gruba giren \u00e7e\u015fitlerin \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri tozland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman meyveler \u00e7ekirdekli olmakta ve meyve et rengi turuncu olarak kalmaktad\u0131r. Meyve \u00e7ekirdekli veya \u00e7ekirdeksiz olsun et rengi hi\u00e7bir zaman de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir. Bu gruptaki meyveler hasat olumunda meyve tad\u0131 buruk veya buruk olmayabilir. Di\u011fer gruptaki \u00e7e\u015fitlerde meyve eti tozlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u00e7ekirdeksiz oldu\u011fu zaman turuncu renkte ve buruktur. Tozlanma oldu\u011fu zaman, tozlanma derecesine g\u00f6re meyve eti az veya \u00e7ok kahverengiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve bu renk de\u011fi\u015fimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak buruklu\u011fu azal\u0131r. Tozlanma az olmu\u015fsa burukluk fazlad\u0131r. Tozlanma tam oldu\u011fu zaman b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ekirdekler te\u015fekk\u00fcl eder ve meyve eti tamamen kahverengiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve burukluk kaybolur. \u00dclkemizde yeti\u015ftirilen Hachiya \u00e7e\u015fidinin baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde meyvelerinin \u00e7ekirdek etraf\u0131 kahverengi baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde ise turuncu olmaktad\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 bu \u00e7e\u015fit et rengi kararl\u0131 olmayan gruba girmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge 6. Meyve Eti Rengine ve Buruklu\u011funa G\u00f6re Baz\u0131 Trabzon Hurmas\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitlerinin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Meyve Et Rengi Kararl\u0131 Olan \u00c7e\u015fitler<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Meyve Et Rengi Kararl\u0131 Olmayan \u00c7e\u015fitler<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Buruk Olan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Buruk Olmayan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Buruk Olan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Buruk Olmayan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Saijo<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Californiya Fuyu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Fuji<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Chocolata<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Tamopan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Fuyu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Hachiya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Californiya Maru<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Tanenashi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Hana Fuyu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Hiratanenashi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Zengi Maru<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Tsuru<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Giant Fuyu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\n

Gosho<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\n

Hana Gosho<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\n

Izu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\n

Jiro<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\n

o-Gosho<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\n

Suruga<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/h2>\n

Morfolojik \u00d6zellikler\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

K\u00f6k:\u00a0<\/strong>K\u00f6k sistemi anaca ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. D. Kaki, kaz\u0131k k\u00f6kl\u00fc az miktarda sa\u00e7ak k\u00f6k mevcuttur. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 nemli topraklara hassast\u0131r. D. Lotus, sa\u00e7ak k\u00f6kl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Dip s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaz. Kurak \u015fartlara daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. D. Virginiana, sa\u00e7ak k\u00f6kl\u00fc olup dip s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc verir. Farkl\u0131 toprak tiplerine iyi adapte olur.\u00a0<\/span>
\nG\u00f6vde:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6vdesi genelde gri renktedir. Kullan\u0131lan anaca, \u00e7e\u015fidin kuvvetine ve ya\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re 12-35 cm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte, boyu ise 12\u00f6ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.
\nDallar: A\u011fa\u00e7lar dik, yar\u0131 dik ve yayvan olarak geli\u015fir. Dallar ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a gri renk al\u0131rlar. Dikimin 2. ve 3. y\u0131llar\u0131nda fazla miktarda obur dallar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Obur dallar kuvvetli ve dik b\u00fcy\u00fcr. \u00c7ok say\u0131da k\u0131sa meyve dalc\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fur. Baz\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitler s\u0131k dallan\u0131r (Fuyu), baz\u0131lar\u0131 seyrek dallan\u0131r (Hachiya).\u00a0<\/span>
\nYaprak\u00a0<\/strong>: Yaprak kenarlar\u0131 d\u00fcz, u\u00e7lar\u0131 sivridir. Yaprak \u015fekli elips, uzun elips, geni\u015f elips ve oval olabilmektedir. Yaprak eni 5.5-9 cm, boyu ise 9-16 cm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u00c7i\u00e7ek:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00dc\u00e7 tip \u00e7i\u00e7ek vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.Erdi\u015fi \u00c7i\u00e7ek: Bu tip \u00e7i\u00e7ekte hem erkek organ hem de di\u015fi organ bulunur.
\n2.Di\u015fi \u00c7i\u00e7ek: Erkek organ bulunmaz.
\n3. Erkek \u00c7i\u00e7ek: Sadece erkek organ vard\u0131r.
\nErdi\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00f6nemsenmeyecek kadar azd\u0131r. Verime etkisi yoktur. Di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ekler iki y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerde olu\u015fur. \u00c7i\u00e7ekler yaprak koltuklar\u0131nda bulunur. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn u\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki \u00e7i\u00e7ekler ise k\u0131\u015f sonunda veya erken ilkbaharda olu\u015fur. Ancak meyve verirler. Yumurtal\u0131k 8 karpellidir. \u00c7i\u00e7ekler iri, g\u00f6steri\u015fli, \u00e7anak yapraklar\u0131 sert ve ye\u015fil renklidir. Kaliks uzunlu\u011fu 3 cm kadard\u0131r. Erkek \u00e7i\u00e7ekler yaprak koltuklar\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131lda olu\u015fur. Di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7eklerden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ta\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131 sar\u0131 renkte ve t\u00fcp \u015feklindedir. \u00c7anak yapraklar\u0131 sar\u0131 renktedir. Stamenler \u00e7ift s\u0131ra halinde 16-24 adettir. Flamentler ince uzundur. Anterler elips \u015feklindedir. D. Kaki anac\u0131n\u0131n erkek \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri yoktur. Bu anac\u0131n di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.D\u00f6llenme Biyolojisi:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00c7e\u015fitlerin \u00e7o\u011fu yaln\u0131z di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek verir. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da hem erkek hem de di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek verir. Bu tipte olanlar baz\u0131 y\u0131llar erkek \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri \u00e7ok baz\u0131 y\u0131llar ise hi\u00e7 olmamaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitler de ise d\u00fczenli olarak erkek \u00e7i\u00e7ek olu\u015fumu vard\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Yaln\u0131z di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek verenler
\n2. Di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve d\u00fczensiz olarak erkek \u00e7i\u00e7ek verenler
\n3. Di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve d\u00fczenli olarak erkek \u00e7i\u00e7ek verenler olarak \u00e7i\u00e7ek tiplerini s\u0131n\u0131flayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge7. Trabzonhurmas\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitlerinin \u00c7i\u00e7eklenme Durumlar\u0131na G\u00f6re Gruplar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Yaln\u0131z di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek veren \u00e7e\u015fitler<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve d\u00fczenli erkek \u00e7i\u00e7ek veren \u00e7e\u015fitler<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Di\u015fi \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve d\u00fczensizkek \u00e7i\u00e7ek veren \u00e7e\u015fitler<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hachiya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Miyotan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Okame<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Tanenashi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Zengi Maru<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Calif. Fuyu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hyakume<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Chocolate<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Tamopan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Gosho<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Costata<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Yemon<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Zengi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Fuyu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitlerin \u00e7o\u011funda tozlanma \u015fartt\u0131r. E\u011fer tozlay\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131lmazsa ya \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meyve olu\u015fur ya da vegetasyonun ileriki safhalar\u0131nda meyveler d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Tozlay\u0131c\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenli erkek \u00e7i\u00e7ek veren \u00e7e\u015fitler kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tozlanma b\u00f6ceklerle olur. Tozlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerin \u00e7o\u011funun meyve kaliteleri iyi de\u011fildir ve pazar de\u011feri yoktur. %10 tozlay\u0131c\u0131 kullanmak gerekir. Meyve etinde kahverenklilik genelde istenmeyen \u00f6zelliktir. Bu nedenle \u00e7e\u015fitlerden tozlanma olmadan yeterli \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131n\u0131yorsa tozlay\u0131c\u0131lara gerek olmayabilir. D\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerde tozlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fit kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece istenen ve meyve eti turuncu olan meyveler elde edilmektedir. Fuyu \u00e7e\u015fidinden iyi \u00fcr\u00fcn almak i\u00e7in mutlaka tozlay\u0131c\u0131 gerekir. Tozlansada meyve et rengi de\u011fi\u015fmez. Tanenanshi ve Hachiya \u00e7e\u015fidi de tozlanma olmadan d\u00fczenli meyve verir. Bu y\u00fczden ABDde \u00e7ekirdeksiz meyve alabilmek i\u00e7in tek bu \u00e7e\u015fitlerle bah\u00e7e kurmay\u0131 tercih edilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meyve:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00c7e\u015fitler irilik ve \u015fekil y\u00f6n\u00fcnden olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. Trabzon hurmas\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerinde meyve \u015fekilleri bas\u0131k, \u00e7ok bas\u0131k, konik, k\u0131sa konik ve uzun olabilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

EKOLOJ\u0130K \u0130STEKLER\u00a0<\/strong>
\n1.iklim: Trabzon hurmas\u0131 bir subtropik iklim meyvesidir. Ancak k\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u0131l\u0131man iklim \u015fartlar\u0131nda da yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. -12 oCye kadar dayanabilmektedir. So\u011fuklama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 200-400 saat aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Ge\u00e7 \u00e7i\u00e7eklendi\u011fi i\u00e7in erken ilkbahar donlar\u0131ndan etkilenmezler. Olgunluk i\u00e7in 140 – 160 g\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar. Y\u00fcksek hava nemi isterler. Dallar\u0131 \u00e7ok gevrek oldu\u011fundan sert r\u00fczgarlarda k\u0131r\u0131lmalar olabilir. Bundan dolay\u0131 dallar\u0131 herekle desteklemek gerekir.\u00d6zellikle meyve y\u00fck\u00fcnde oldu\u011funda.
\n2.Toprak: En uygun topraklar, orta a\u011f\u0131r, organik maddece zengin, iyi drene olan, pH\u0131 6.5-7.0 olan topraklard\u0131r. Kire\u00e7 i\u00e7eri\u011fi 0.20 olan topraklarda yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131labilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7O\u011eALTILMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>
\nTrabzonhurmas\u0131 hem generatif hem de vegetatif olarak \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilmektedir. Generatif \u00e7o\u011faltma daha \u00e7ok ana\u00e7 \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Vegatatif \u00e7o\u011faltma y\u00f6ntemlerden en \u00e7ok uygulanan y\u00f6ntem a\u015f\u0131 ile \u00e7o\u011faltmad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcrde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem ise durgun T ve yongal\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 metodudur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trabzonhurmas\u0131nda Kullan\u0131lan Ana\u00e7lar Ve \u00d6zellikleri:\u00a0<\/strong>
\n1.Diospyros kaki L. : Meyveleri yenen yabani formudur. Kuvvetli b\u00fcy\u00fcr , t\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitlerle uyu\u015fur ve bir \u00f6rnek \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcr veren bir ana\u00e7t\u0131r. Kaz\u0131k k\u00f6k olu\u015fumu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n2. Diospyros lotus L. : Bir\u00f6rnek \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcr verir ve so\u011fuklara dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle buruk \u00e7e\u015fitlerle iyi uyu\u015fma g\u00f6sterir. Fuyu \u00e7e\u015fidi ile uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Baz\u0131 a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 meyve d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc olabilmektedir. Sa\u00e7ak k\u00f6k olu\u015fumu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n3. Diospyros virginiana L. : Nemli toprak ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve so\u011fuklara dayan\u0131m\u0131 iyidir. \u00c7ok fazla dip s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc verir. Standart \u00e7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcr ve a\u011fa\u00e7 geli\u015fim sa\u011flayamaz.
\n4. Diospyros oleifera Cheng. : \u00c7inde tanen kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n5. Diospyros rhombifolia Hemsi: Bodur ana\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bak\u0131m ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130\u015flemler\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.Budama: Dikimi izleyen ilk 3 y\u0131l \u015fekil budamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Uygulanan y\u00f6ntemler modifiye lider, goble, palmet ve farkl\u0131 telli terbiye sistemleri uygulanabilmektedir.
\nA. De\u011fi\u015fik Doruk Dall\u0131 Budama:
\n1. y\u0131l: Toprak y\u00fczeyinden itibaren 70 cm den tepe kesimi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Baharda s\u00fcren s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler aras\u0131ndan g\u00f6vde \u00fczerine 45-60olik a\u00e7\u0131larla da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 3-5 dal, anadallar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ilir.
\n2.y\u0131l: Dinlenme d\u00f6neminde lider dal\u0131n 2\/3\u00fc kesilerek doruk dal\u0131 olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Di\u011fer ana dallar 45-60 cm den itibaren kesilerek k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r.
\n3.y\u0131l: Lider dal k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r. Anadallar ve se\u00e7ilen yan dallar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in di\u011fer dallar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak \u015fekil olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olur.
\nDi\u011fer y\u0131llar a\u011fac\u0131n ta\u00e7 geli\u015fimi korunarak ta\u00e7 i\u00e7inde s\u0131kl\u0131k olu\u015fturan, hastalanan ve yaralanan dallar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda verim budamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Goble budama y\u00f6ntemi:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fik doruk dall\u0131 sisteme benzer \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulmakla birlikte en \u00f6nemli fark tac\u0131n ortas\u0131nda doruk dal\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na duyarl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131klanman\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerlerde tac\u0131n dengeli olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Sulama-G\u00fcbreleme\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sulama aral\u0131klar\u0131yla verilecek su miktar\u0131 iklim, toprak ve ana\u00e7 fakt\u00f6rlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Genelde damla sulama y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme devresinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan a\u011fa\u00e7 strese sokulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi halde \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meyve d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc ya\u015fan\u0131r. D\u00fczensiz sulama hasada yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemlerde meyvelerin \u00e7atlamas\u0131na neden olur. Azotlu g\u00fcbrelerin 1\/3\u00fc ilkbaharda, 1\/3\u00fc may\u0131sta, geri kalan 1^3\u00fc Haziran ay\u0131nda verilmelidir. Fosforlu ve potasyumlu g\u00fcbreler a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ta\u00e7 izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerinde a\u00e7\u0131lan hendeklere verilmelidir. Magnezyum, demir ve mangan eksikli\u011fi meyve d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerine neden oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in gerekti\u011finde iz element a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 yaprak g\u00fcbresi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hasat Ve Depolama\u00a0<\/strong>Trabzonhurmas\u0131 3-4 ya\u015flar\u0131nda meyve vermeye ba\u015flar ve tam verim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 7 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015flar. A\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131 ortalama 20-40 kg aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Meyve sertken toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buruk olmayan \u00e7e\u015fitler hasattan hemen sonra t\u00fcketilebilirken buruk olan \u00e7e\u015fitler hasattan sonra olgunla\u015fmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yumu\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra t\u00fcketilebilmektedir. Olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in hasad\u0131 geciktirmek yerine hasat sonras\u0131 olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131 tercih edilmektedir. Meyveler \u00e7anak yapraklar\u0131n hemen \u00fczerinde bulunan meyve sap\u0131 kesilerek hasat edilir. Trabzon hurmas\u0131 klimakterium \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden yaralanan alanlar hemen olgunla\u015f\u0131r. Hasat sonras\u0131 meydana gelen kay\u0131plar\u0131n %4-12si hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan hatalardan, %5-15i pazara haz\u0131rlama uygulamalar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Meyve -1,+1 oC s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve %80-90 oransal nemde 2-4 ay depolanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma \u0130\u015flemleri\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1-Etilen Odalar\u0131nda Olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma: 250-1000 ppm etilen gaz\u0131 depo havas\u0131na verilir. Ertesi g\u00fcn meyveler oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r ve 2-6 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde olgunla\u015f\u0131r.
\n2. Ethrel Sol\u00fcsyonuna Band\u0131rma: 250-1000 ppm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen dozlarda haz\u0131rlanan ethrel sol\u00fcsyonuna 1-2 dak. Band\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn bekletilir.
\n3. Karpitle Olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma: Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemdir. Meyveler bir odaya al\u0131n\u0131r ve meyve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %0.1-1i kadar karpit bir kap i\u00e7inde odan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerine yerle\u015ftirilir. Karpitler \u00fczerine birka\u00e7 damla su damlat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra gaz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar ve oda kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Bir g\u00fcn sonra oda a\u00e7\u0131larak oda havaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 2-6 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde meyveler olgunla\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7izelge 1. Y\u0131llara G\u00f6re D\u00fcnya Trabzon Hurmas\u0131 \u00dcretim de\u011ferleri (x1000 Ton) \u00dclke 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Toplam \u00c7in 1.616 1.610 1.775 1.884 1.825 8.700 Kore 287.85 270.4 281.1 249.2 250 1.114 Japonya 278.8 281.8 269.3 265 232.5 1.336 Brezilya 63.3 65 65.5 66 67 326.8 \u0130talya 42.45 48.2 54.2 55 55 254.9 \u0130srail 7.9… <\/p>\n

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